Oketayo O. Oyedele¹, Dolapo S. Olaniyan¹, Justina A. Gabriel¹, Funmilayo H. Abejide², and Kolawole E. Adesina³

 ¹Department of Physics, Federal University of Oye-Ekiti,Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

²Department of Physics, Joseph Ayo Babalola University,Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria

³Department of Medical Physics, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A

Received: May 29, 2023/ Revised: June 28, 2023/Accepted: June 29, 2023

(✉) Corresponding Author: Oyebamiji.oketayo@fuoye.edu.ng.

Abstract

In this study, the levels of five heavy metals were determined in soil and vegetable samples (bitter leaf, African spinach, and Indian-Malabar spinach) samples around the Lafarge cement factory in Ogun State, Nigeria using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS), Identical samples were also collected at a place where no anthropogenic activity took place. Transfer factor (TF) and risk analysis of three heavy metals: manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) were obtained. Cd and Pb were below the detection limits.  The levels of Fe, Mn, and Zn in the vegetables were above the WHO limits. Zinc had the highest accumulation with the transfer factor (TF) of 0.01 – 0.32 while Manganese had the lowest accumulation with TF of 0.0055 to 0.06.  African Spinach had the highest TF (0.32 for Zn). This shows a higher level of metals in the soil. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) was used to determine the potential risk of human exposure as the THQ values in the two species ranged between 0.97 and 283.20 for adults, 3.39 and 991.21 for children respectively. Significant differences exist (p < 0.05) between the levels of Mn, Zn, and Fe in the site-specific vegetable samples and the control. The vegetable samples from the site were not all that enriched in Mn and Zn (E.F = 0.032 – 0.93) despite their elevated levels in soil samples. The results of this research showed that the vegetables from this location were to some degree contaminated and might not be suitable for consumption.

Keywords: Risk Assessment, Soil and Vegetable Samples, FAAS, Transfer, and Metals.

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How to cite this article

Oyedele, O. O., Olaniyan, D. S., Gabriel, J. A., Abejide, F. H. and Adesina, K. E. (2023). Assessing the Environmental Risk of Heavy Metals in Surrounding Areas of Lafarge Cement Industry in Shagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Chemical and Environmental Science Archives, Vol. 3(2), 40-47.                                 https://doi.org/10.47587/CESA.2023.3204

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